A new evolutionary design tool is presented, which uses shape grammars and a grammar-based form of evolutionary computation, grammatical evolution (GE). Shape grammars allow the user to specify possible forms, and GE allows ...
This work furthers the understanding of modularity in grammar-based genetic programming approaches by analyzing how different grammars may be capable of producing the same phenotypes, but still display differences in ...
The use of higher-order functions, as a method of abstraction and re-use in EC encodings, has been the subject of relatively little research. In this paper we introduce and give motivation for the ideas of higher-order ...