This paper surveys the results of four recent, separate attempts at estimating agricultural output and food availability in England and Wales at points between the Middle Ages and the Industrial Revolution. It highlights ...
Ó Gráda, Cormac(University College Dublin. School of Economics, 2011-12)
The human costs of famines outlast the famines themselves. An increasing body of research points to their adverse long-run consequences for those born or in utero during them. This paper offers an introduction to the ...
The ramifications of the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling temperatures straddling several centuries in northwestern Europe, reach far beyond meteorology into economic, political, and cultural history. The LIA has
spawned ...
We analyze the timing and extent of northern European temperature falls during the Little Ice Age, using standard temperature reconstructions. However, we can find little evidence of long swings or structural breaks in ...
Ó Gráda, Cormac(University College Dublin. School of Economics, 2010-07)
This paper complements a much larger study of school
attendance in pre-famine Ireland by FitzGerald (2010).
It exploits some of the data generated by that study to analyze further some of the determinants of schooling
and ...
Existing studies find little connection between living standards and
mortality in England, but go back only to the sixteenth century. Using
new data on inheritances, we extend estimates of mortality back to
the ...
We investigate by how much the Little Ice Age reduced the harvests on
which pre-industrial Europeans relied for survival. We find that weather
strongly affected crop yields, but can find little evidence that western ...