In today’s society there is a vast and in many cases not fully appreciated dependence on electrical power for everyday life. Furthermore, with growing energy and environmental concerns arising due to fossil fuel depletion ...
With growing energy and environmental concerns due to fossil fuel depletion and global warming there is an increasing attention being attracted by alternative and/or renewable sources of power such as biomass, hydropower, ...
The collision of two laser generated plasma plumes can result, under appropriate conditions, in the formation of ‘stagnation layer’. The processes underlying this phenomenon are complex and time dependent. The majority of ...
Charge state specific extreme ultraviolet spectra from both tin ions and xenon ions have been recorded at Tokyo Metropolitan University. The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source spectra were produced from charge exchange ...
As research and development of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) sources at 6.7 nm (which will be based on emission from ionized gadolinium) has already begun, reliable atomic data are required in order to determine ...
Photoreduction on a periodically proton exchanged ferroelectric crystal leads to the formation of periodic metallic nanostructures on the surface. By varying the depth of the proton exchange (PE) from 0.59 to 3.10 µm in ...
We have demonstrated the effect of viewing angle on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission spectra of gadolinium (Gd) near 6.7 nm. The spectra are shown to have a strong dependence on viewing angle when produced with a ...
We report results from a combined optical interferometric and spectrally resolved imaging study on colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas. A Nomarski interferometer was used to probe the spatio-temporal distribution ...
The expansion dynamics of ion and neutral species in laterally colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas have been investigated using time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy and spectrally and angularly ...
Theoretical extreme ultraviolet emission spectra of gadolinium and terbium ions calculated with the Cowan suite of codes and the flexible atomic code (FAC) relativistic code are presented. 4d–4f and 4p–4d transitions give ...
We demonstrate a table-top broadband emission water window source based on laser-produced high-Z plasmas. Resonance emission from multiply charged ions merges to produce intense unresolved transition arrays in the 2 to 4 ...
Two-color, single-shot time-of-flight electron spectroscopy of atomic neon was employed at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS) to measure the laser-assisted Auger decay in the X-ray regime. This X-ray-optical cross ...
Plasmas containing gadolinium have been proposed as sources for next generation lithography at 6.x nm. To determine the optimum plasma conditions, atomic structure calculations have been performed for Gd11+ to Gd27+ ions ...
Theoretical ground-state configurations of lanthanide ions calculated with the Cowan suite of codes are presented. Theoretical 4d - 4f and 4p - 4d spectra of Pd-like to Rb-like lanthanide ions calculated using the FAC ...
The temporal response of a biomimetic dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is critically linked to the intensity of the incident light. When a DSSC is partially illuminated and the incoming light is of low intensity, the ...
We have measured extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectra from tungsten ions around 20 nm region in plasmas produced in the Large Helical Device at the National Institute for Fusion Science. The spectra after injecting a tungsten ...
At present there is a global concern of environmental issues and future energy supplies, for instance global warming and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels. This trepidation has initiated a more critical investigation ...
Measurements of the total ion emission from a pair of colliding laser-produced aluminium plasmas were obtained with the aid of a Faraday cup detector. The energy profile width at half height of the kinetic energy distribution ...
Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) emission spectra from highly charged tin, xenon and tungsten ions have been measured in optically thin high-temperature plasmas produced in the Large Helical Device (LHD) at the National Institute ...
We study two-state protein folding in the framework of a toy model of protein dynamics. This model has an important advantage: it allows for an analytical solution for the sum of folding and unfolding rate constants [A. ...