A miniaturized sensor head for the optical measurement of velocities of fluids based on laser Doppler velocimetry is demonstrated. Holographic optical elements mounted on a glass substrate are used for beam splitting and ...
An approximate analytic method is presented that permits the calculation of all the output waves, both backward and forward traveling, for slanted, transmission-type volume gratings replayed at the Bragg angle and perfectly ...
The diffraction orders and coherent bright and dark field images produced by isolated steps and grooves (notches and trenches) are examined. The isolated structures are approximated by means of a grating with a
large ...
Artificial index gratings, which are composed of binary microstructures of sizes less than the incident wavelength, are analyzed as functions of the filling factor or duty cycle of the microstructures. Different models for ...
The boundary diffraction method (BDM) is an approximate method that permits the derivation of analytic solutions for the output beams, both forward and backward propagating, that arise from the fundamental nature of ...
The boundary diffraction method (BDM) is an approximate method that permits the derivation of analytic solutions for the output beams, both forward and backward propagating, that arise from the fundamental nature of ...
A reflection grating with a binary surface profile is presented that has high diffraction efficiency. The measured intensity for the + 1st diffracted order was 77%. The binary grating is composed of a minilattice with ...
The special affine Fourier transformation (SAFT) is a generalization of the fractional Fourier transformation (FRT) and represents the most general lossless inhomogeneous linear mapping, in phase space, as the integral ...
Interferometric methods are widely used in surface metrology. A question that arises is how much information about the surface can be extracted from a given interferogram. For examination of the resolution limit ...
The fractional Fourier transform (FRT) is known to be optically implementable with use of a medium with a perfect radial quadratic-index profile. Using the quantum-mechanical operator formalism, we examine the
effects ...
The fractional Fourier transform (FRT) is shown to be of potential use in analyzing the motion of a surface by use of holographic interferometry. The extra degree of freedom made available by the use of the FRT allows ...
The standard one-dimensional diffusion equation is extended to include nonlocal temporal and spatial medium responses. How such nonlocal effects arise in a photopolymer is discussed. It is argued that assuming rapid polymer ...
There are many types of holographic recording material. The acrylamide-based recording material examined here has one significant
advantage: it is self-processing. This simplifies the recording process and enables holographic ...
The one-dimensional diffusion equation governing holographic grating formation in photopolymers, which includes both nonlocal material response and generalized dependence of the rate of polymerization on the illuminating ...
Diffusion-based models of grating formation in photopolymers have been proposed in which the rate of monomer polymerization (removal) is directly proportional to the illuminating intensity inside the medium. However, based ...
A number of methods have recently been proposed in the literature for the encryption of two-dimensional information by use of optical systems based on the fractional Fourier transform. Typically, these methods require ...
It is shown that both surface tilting and translational motion can be independently estimated by use of the speckle photographic technique by capturing consecutive images in two different fractional Fourier domains.
A ...
Some of the theoretical models in the literature describing the mechanism of hologram formation in photopolymer materials predict the existence of higher harmonics in the Fourier expansion of the recorded
refractive ...
The nonlocal diffusion model proposed by Sheridan and coworkers has provided a useful interpretation of the nature of grating
formation inside photopolymer materials. This model accounts for some important experimental ...
The relationship between optical fractional Fourier transforms (OFRTs) obtained at different wavelengths is derived by use of the ABCD matrix formalism. It is shown that varying the wavelength while retaining the
same ...