The Competition Act in 1991 repealed all legally binding Orders in Ireland except for the 1987 Groceries Order. Article 11 of this Order categorically prohibits retail pricing in the grocery sector below the net invoice ...
Phosphorus (P) in agricultural runoff is a major pollutant in many of Ireland's surface waters. Identification of areas that are at a high risk for P loss to surface waters is a critical component of river basin management. ...
A ban on pricing below cost was implemented under the 1987 Groceries Order based on the premise that loss leading used in multi-product retail pricing distorts competition and exploits consumers in the short run, while ...
We examine whether loss leading pricing strategies in multiproduct retailing should be a target of antitrust policy. Loss leading is modeled in the presence of imperfect competition and consumer information in a stage game ...
The distributed generation (DG) plant mix connected to any network section has a considerable impact on the total amount of DG energy exported and on the amount of losses
incurred on the network. A new method for the ...
The introduction of distributed generation (DG) onto distribution networks has a significant effect on losses. This effect cannot be characterised as detrimental or beneficial but is dependent on the allocation of DG on ...
In terms of risk measurement, probability and quantile risk estimation have developed enormously in the past decade, from value-at-risk measures to coherent measures such as expected shortfall. These measures allow an ...
This paper addresses the distributional consequences of international sectoral relocation. We begin by looking at the gains and losses for individual countries by reviewing the implications, and real-world relevance, of ...
As part of a large EPA-funded research project, coordinated by TEAGASC, the Centre for Water Resources Research at UCD reviewed the available distributed physically based catchment models with a potential for use in ...
With the increasing cost of energy the need to provide energy efficient buildings continues to
grow. In 2003 the EU introduced the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and this was
enforced by all member states by ...